Indias Reproductive And Child Health Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

In spite of expansion out in the open and private medicinal services division outgo, the utilization of social insurance administrations in India has stayed hapless. Issues identified with Maternal and kid health are of concern.1 For the health and prosperity of a child, each piece great as family unit and social prosperity, pre-birth and baby blues consideration of female parent is vital. We will compose a custom article test on Indias Reproductive And Child Health And Social Care Essay or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now India ‘s Reproductive and Child Health programme2- Sing high maternal and youngster expires, specialists of India has ever focused on turn toing these issues through solid health plans. India was the primary state to set up the national family arranging program. It was along these lines incorporated into family unit open help program. The International Conference on Population Development ( ICPD ) , 1994 and the Fourth World Conference on Women, 1995 held at Beijing, China underscored on sexual orientation value and feasible turn of events. These gatherings recommended the generative health intends to take care of sexual orientation issues behind the wellbeing occupations, grown-up females ‘s health requests for the duration of their life expectancy and work powers ‘s obligation to regard grown-up females ‘s generative rights. ICPD helped India to elucidate an incorporated program which could go past the family arranging and accentuation on sex value. The generative and youngster health program in India was so begun in 1997. The second phase of this program came in real life alongside National Rural Health Mission in 2005, which underlined on the improvement of handiness and dish of the medicinal services administrations by the individuals especially grown-up females, kids and more fragile constituents of the general public. The RCH program covers the generative requests of grown-up females and work powers at all periods of life. The generative and kid health program of India depends on the essential constituents, for example, Child wellbeing ( kid continuance and child improvement ) and safe maternity ( including safe bearing of undesirable growth and premature birth ) , Adolescent health ( sex advancement, puberty guidance and professional constituent ) , efficacious family unit arranging ( Ensuring Informed pick, Counseling, sex correspondence and more noteworthy male commitment ) , Prevention, detecting and heading of Reproductive Tract Infections, Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and dangerous neoplastic ailment of the generative framework, Reproductive wellbeing consideration of matured individuals. The boss point of convergence of the RCH program is to chop down Maternal and Infant mortality and Entire Fertility Rate. The program is worked everywhere throughout the state through essential, optional and third masses medicinal services framework. Decentralized assault is the cardinal constituent of this program. 1.1.2 Use of RCH administrations Utilization of human services administrations can be surveyed by quiet ‘s each piece great as health proficient ‘s position. The patient ‘s position can be emotional dependent on the administrations revealed by the patient or the nature of administrations felt by the patient, or goal dependent on the administrations offered by the medicinal services establishment to the patient. The wellbeing expert may see towards the utilization of administrations by financial aspect, for example, the figure of patients, figure of visits etc.3 The utilization of RCH administrations can be surveyed by the utilization of every one of its constituents. Maternal Mortality and dismalness, Infant mortality and child mortality, and whole birthrate rate are the essential indexs of handiness, use and effectivity of MCH administrations. Status of these indexs mirrors the situation of social insurance administrations in the country.5 Arranged variables are liable for the utilization of RCH administrations, for delineation, degrees of guidance, financial position, natural factors, for example, course to the wellbeing Center, medicinal services base and so on. Investigation of utilization of these administrations, thus requires thought of every one of these determiners of the human services utilization.4 1.2 Global situation The Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) set up by WHO for MMR is 109, for IMR is 28 and for Under-5 death rate is 42 by the terminal of twelvemonth 2015. High contrast in these indexs in created and creating states shows the distinction in handiness and utilization of RCH administrations in created and creating countries.6 1.2.1 MCH in created nations In created states, for example, cardinal and western Europe, Australia and so forth, the utilization of precaution administrations is truly elevated among females than guys. The surveies done in mid 1970ss have helped the created states to better the health administration use. The of import factors indentified were mean expense per visit, health protection inclusion, age, guidance and so on. This brought about lower maternal death rates, for example 5 in Sweden ; 3 in Denmark, Norway and Israel ( Population Action International, 1995 ) . In United States it is discovered that dark grown-up females make well less utilization of health administrations than white inverse numbers, due to socio-social elements. The expansion in transitory populace and their specific develops lead to non-use of administrations in Sweden.7,8 The World Health Organization has distinguished Cuba as a delineation of â€Å" great wellbeing easily † accomplished through arrangements that address the determiners of wellbeing and depend on just dish, catholicity and administrative control. They have concentrated on three significant activities 1 ) essential consideration through polyclinics, 2 ) complete assault at the network degree and 3 ) input from community.9 1.2.2. MCH in creating nations In ongoing mature ages, creating states are impacted by discoveries in created states, for estimating the nature of their wellbeing consideration. Results have gotten specific complement as a stage of value. Estimating results is utile as a record of the effectivity of various mediations and as segment of a checking framework coordinated to bettering nature of consideration each piece great as watching its debilitation. In Indonesia utilization of an untalented birth attender and conceiving an offspring at place are generally basic among the most unfortunate and least taught grown-up females. The children of these grown-up females have the most noteworthy peril of baby mortality. The baby death rate varies incredibly by some portion of dish to wellbeing administrations. In Ethiopia, socio segment highlights of grown-up females, social setting, handiness, customer fulfillment impacted health administration use. 1.3 Local situation The national country health strategic set up specific finishes to better the wellbeing administration use by individuals shacking in provincial nations, grown-up females, kids and the hapless in India. The imprint for MMR is 100, IMR 30 and TFR 2.1 by the terminal of 2012.10 The present Maternal Mortality Rate of India is 212. Newborn child death rate has declined to 49, while Under-5 death rate is as yet 64. Whole birthrate pace of the state is 2.6, which is higher in rustic nation for example 2.9 when contrasted with urban nation which is 2.0.11 Fitting to NFHS-3 data, only 44 percent grown-up females utilize the pre-birth consideration in the principal trimester of incubation, and simply 52 percent grown-up females give 3-4 visits to wellbeing Center adversary ANC administrations during the whole development time frame. Just 47 percent births are gone to by health powers including doctor, ANM, medical caretaker, accoucheuse or woman wellbeing visitant. Just 37 percent grown-up females get post-natal consideration inside two yearss of bringing which should be a basic period. Utilization of these administrations is distinctive in provincial and urban nation. Despite the fact that inclusion of ICDS is high in the state, simply 28percent children get the administrations gave through ICDS. Only 44 for every centum kids are to the full immunized while 5 for each centum kids are non given any vaccination. Level of children which are taken to social insurance Center for the Acute Respiratory Infections ( ARI ) , fever and looseness of the bowels scopes from 60-69 in various territories of the state. Most shared conviction for non using open wellbeing establishments is hapless nature of administration, trailed by non-accessibility of the medicinal services establishment nearby.12 The utilization of RCH administrations contrasts in various regions of India. Nature and degree of the connection between maternal guidance and utilization of MCH administrations vary between the North and South of India and that this distinction is for the most part controlled by the north-south inferred capacities in the general financial and social condition in which grown-up females live. 1.4 Rationale of the examination The Maternal, child and under-5 children death rates have demonstrated significant lessening from the earliest starting point of second phase of RCH program, which mirror the positive modification in handiness and utilization of RCH administrations. Yet, when contrasted with the MDG closes each piece great as NRHM closes for these indexs, there is farther interest to take a shot at the improvement of utilization of these administrations. Kolhapur is the southernmost domain in Maharashtra area. It is separated in 12 talukas and five sub-divisions for authoritative expectations. The whole populace of the region is 35,23,165 out of which around 24,72,809 populace dwells in provincial area.13 The association of RCH program in Kolhapur domain comprises of a District Hospital, two sub-area clinics, 18 country hospitals ( RH ) , 73 Primary health Centers ( PHCs ) and 413 sub-centres.14 Radhanagari sub-division of Kolhapur domain covers 4 country clinics, 13 PHCs and 52 sub-focuses. The utilization of RCH administrations in the health Centers situated in Radhanagari sub-division is low, while there is overburden on the region hospital for these administrations. In this way, on proposals of Sub-divisional Office, Radhanagari and sing all the elements affecting the utilization of RCH administrations, the review is wanted to break down the utilization type of RCH administrations, justification for non-use of these administrations at various degrees for example

37990) of May 2009 The WritePass Journal

The Intel encroachment case (Comp/c-3/37990) of May 2009 Presentation The Intel encroachment case (Comp/c-3/37990) of May 2009 IntroductionReferencesRelated Presentation Inside the setting of this given case, we expect to look at the foundation of the Intel encroachment case reference Comp/c-3/37990 Intel of 13 May 2009, Intel are considered liable for encroaching Article 83 of the EC Treaty where it has been seen as liable of mishandling its predominant market position on the x86 focal handling unit (CPU) advertise by granting discounts. We will consider the premise on which the Decision Commission has settled on this choice to fine Intel and what proof contributes towards this examination. Furthermore, we will likewise be looking at whether the choice taken was legitimized and in the event that it had any sort of positive result on the buyers. In the event that we consider the guidanc on the Commission requirement needs in actualizing Article 82 on the EC Treaty to oppressive exlusionary lead by predominant endeavor. As indicated by the Article 82 of Treaty that unmistakably diagrams the EC Article 82 prohibits any sort of maltreatment of a predominant situation in the market. This goes inseparably with the case-law where it is viewed as unlawful for an endeavor to be in a prevailing position and that such a predominant position is qualified for contend simply on premise of their difficult work and merits. In any case, it ought to be noticed that the endeavor worried as a unique obligation disallowing its conduct to decrease bona fide twisted rivalry on the regular market. It ought to be noticed that Article 82 is considered as the lawful crucial for a basic component of rivalry strategy and its compelling requirement that assists showcase with working all the more proficiently and viably for the upside of organizations and its shoppers. It (Article 82) plots the implementation needs that will direct the Commissions activity in executing Article 82 to exclusionary lead by prevailing endeavors. Notwithstanding that, it endeavors to offer a more noteworthy arrangement of precision and hypothesis according to the general system of assessment that the Commission enrolls in deciding if it should seek after cases that identify with the different sorts of exclusionary direct and to assist endeavors with bettering survey whether explicit conduct is probably going to bring about mediation by the Commission under Article 82. As indicated by the use of Article 82 to exclusionary lead by predominant endeavors, the Commission will underscore on the sorts of conduct that are generally dangerous to purchasers. It very well may be noticed that despite the fact that the client is destined to exploit from the solid rivalry, as it brings about lower costs, great quality and an assorted decision of new improved administrations and products. It is the obligation of the Commission to teach the implementation to ensure the market works in the exact way, additionally ensuring buyers exploit from the effectiveness and profitability that outcomes from viable rivalry between under-takings. On the off chance that purchasers are unnecessarily charged a significant expense or impacting their conduct that under-gauges the endeavors to achieve a consolidated inward market that is viewed as subject of encroaching Article 82. Concerning executing the general requirement essentials and precludes set in the Commission, it will consider the particular realities and conditions for each individual case. [Ref 1] Let us consider the foundation of the Intel case, Intel has gained notoriety for represent considerable authority in assembling microchips (CPUs) and chipsets for client PCs. This is enrolled owner of notable brand names, for example, Pentium and Celeron. The Intel case is an ideal case of how unfeelingly and reasonably a partnership can exploit its driving prevailing situation in the market. This case unmistakably plots the inalienable contrasts between the imposing business model looked at by protected innovation rights and the Treaty rivalry decides that disallows any type of maltreatment of prevailing position. Intel has shrewdly enrolled various thousands licenses to protect its innovative creations and it is unthinkable from a down to earth perspective for its opponents to know ahead of time whether their items may peruse on Intels licenses. Strikingly, Intel was seen as liable of encroaching its predominant situation according to VIA, which is considered as one of Intels direct opponents in both the chipsets and CPU markets. As VIA needed the different parts because of the interoperability, additionally because of the basic necessity for similarity with Microsoft tasks programming. So as to cause this to work, VIA required a permit from Intel that would permit them to utilize its licenses in the plan and production of its chipsets which would let them speak with Intels microchips. Furthermore, VIA likewise needed a permit corresponding to its gracefully of CPUs so they are totally Windows compaitable. It ought to be noted from the year 1998 to the year 2000, both the gatherings had a corresponding chipset permitting understanding. By December 2000, Intel propelled its most recent Pentium 4 processor in the market, at the same time that VIA would require a permit. Another permit was along these lines by Intel on non-complementary conditions. Moreover, such a proposed understanding imagined a topsy-turvy authorized that would qualifies Intel for boundless utilization of all the VIA licenses and innovation however VIA would just have the option to get a permit to utilize Intels innovation to fabricate and sell just explicit chipsets. What's more, it even proposed a market division which would restrict the VIA permit to the assembling of chipsets for use with Pentium 4 processors, anyway it couldn't be utilized related to any upgraded forms of that equivalent processor. As per VIA, Intel was infringin (September 2001) Article 82 of the EC Treaty and Chapter II of the Competition Act 1998 and it isn't qualified for help in conditions where this would force VIA to go into a permit understanding comprising of illicit terms and conditions. Concerning the CPU Action, VIA sketched out the two key rivalry law defences,â these comprise of Intels refusal to permit its Pentium 4 innovation which is considered as an infringement and maltreatment of its prevailing situation in the CPU advertise. Also, Intels refusal to permit its planned rights was oppressive basically in light of the fact that these rights identified with innovation that was the business standard and which was huge all together for its adversaries to approach the CPU showcase. The refusal would wipe out rivalry from VIA and shield VIA from advertising important new items ( the basic offices safeguard). It can't be denied that the case is in reality exceptionally complex in its structure and nature , it comprised of an exhaustive and extensive examination that was taken by the Commission. Regardless of whether Intel was responsible for mishandling its predominance in the market by forcing an authorizing strategy for misusing and upholding its huge arrangement of patent rights is obvious from the different names that were remembered for this extensive rundown of names who whined of Intels maltreatment of intensity. It tends to be seen that inside the Intel case, there are clear indications of restrictive refunds where they were gave to buyers, remunerating them for a particular sort of buying conduct. Moreover, such discounts inside a predominant endeavor can have a genuine or forthcoming vow impacts that are like restrictive buying contract. Intel was resolute to deny conceding of a permit on any sort of sensible conditions, this unmistakably shows its maltreatment of its dominantnposition in the CPU and chipset markets. Because of the licenses being the business standard it was inconceivable for chipset makers to enter the market except if they had the option to utilize Intels passage innovation. Strangely when multi-item refunds happen, it is simply considered as hostile to serious, this is the thing that precisely Intel did, it attempted to do as such on a tying market on the off chance that it is a tremendous market that similarly productively gives a portion of the key segments anyway they can't go up against the limited group. For what reason is the CPU such an extensive amount a significance in the Intel case? This is primarly on the grounds that the CPU is considered as a basic part of a PC, with respect to the real execution and cost of the framework. Moreover, the assembling procedure of the CPU requires high innovation and costly offices. The CPU is fragmented into two sub-classifications: CPUs of the x86 design and CPUs of a non-x86 engineering. The x86 engineering is a standard planned by Intel for its CPU. It can work on both working frameworks (Windows and Linux). As per the Commissions thorough examination in the x86 CPUs, the applicable item advertise was not under the market of x86 CPUs. It tends to be noticed that the multi year time frame that has been thought of and included by the Decision Commissionâ (1997-2007), Intel supposedly was persistently in a main situation, as far as its pieces of the pie which were exorbitant by 70%. Furthermore, there were significant deterrents to passage and advancement present in the x86 CPU advertise. Intel is an incredible and trustworthy brand, it saw an ascent in its image notoriety because of item separation that contributed as a snag or hindrence to passage. The perceived significant level of obstructions to passage and improvement are consistent with the watched showcase structure, where all the main adversaries to Intel, aside from AMD left the market or they did not have a significance. Moreover, it very well may be seen that from October 2002 to December 2007,â as indicated by the Decision, Intels pieces of the overall industry and impediments to section and advancement, Intel held a prevailing situation in the market. As far as the condition refunds offered by Intel, it granted major OEMs discounts that were adapted on these OEM pur

Values in HArry Potter Essay Example For Students

Qualities in HArry Potter Essay Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone by J.K. Rowling is a childrens novel about a little youngster, Harry Potter, and his experiences at Hogwarts, a school for wizards and witches. The tale is loaded up with amusing stories of energizing adventures in and around the school. There are numerous characters in the novel, and they don't generally manage everything well. They ridicule one another and judge each other by a specific arrangement of norms. A portion of these guidelines incorporate riches, knowledge, family and athletic capacity. These are for the most part shallow methods of making a decision about individuals. Being a childrens writer, Rowling gives her perusers other, progressively significant methods of classifying others through less evident techniques. These genuine qualities that she underscores are making a decision about others by their character and heart. The bogus qualities by which youngsters judge each other are progressively explicit in the novel since they are outlined through discussion rather than activities. The fundamental ways that they judge each other are: money related status, family foundation (Muggle or wizard), house alliance, insight and athletic capacity. Pretty much every character has some great qualities and some terrible qualities in the novel. By representing the characters with flaws, Rowling makes them increasingly practical and authentic. The principal shallow worth used to gauge the status of a character is cash. Similarly as in reality, a few people have more cash than others. One character that is by all accounts off in the wizard world is Draco Malfoy. He has the entirety of the most current and most delightful books and school supplies on the principal day. His owl is of the most delightful variety. At the point when the understudies get mail at suppers, Malfoy every now and again gets bundles of treats from his family and he isn't unassuming about it. He is a significant differentiation to Ron Weasley and his family. Ron originates from a poor family. All that he carries to class with him is by all accounts a leftover. Ron says, you get nothing new, either, with five siblings. Ive got Bills old robes, Charlies old wand, and Percys old rodent. (p. 100). Malfoy likes to utilize this shortcoming to ridicule Ron. He offers remarks, for example, What might you think about it, Weasley, you couldnt manage the cost of a large portion of the deal with when Harry gets another brush (p. 165). Afterward, when they run into Hagrid, Malfoy says to Ron, Are you attempting to procure some additional cash, Weasleythat cabin of Hagrids must appear as though a castle contrasted with what your familys used to (pp. 195-196). These are merciless remarks, yet cash isn't the main way that Malfoy makes a decision about others. Family foundation is the second limited method of making a decision about indiv iduals in the book. Regardless of whether a character originates from a Muggle family, an unadulterated Wizard family or a blend between the two appears to assume a significant job in the book. For instance, Draco Malfoy is from an unadulterated Wizard family and he invests wholeheartedly in it. He regularly makes a decision about others by this measure. On the train to Hogwarts he says to Harry, Youll before long discover some wizarding families are obviously superior to other people, Potter. You dont need to go befriending an inappropriate sort. (p. 108). Harry has Wizard guardians, however he has lived with Muggles his entire life so he has no involvement with wizardry by any means. Harrys companion, Hermione Granger, is from an unadulterated Muggle family. Consequently, Malfoy ridicules her time and again. Ron is additionally from an unadulterated Wizard family, however he doesn't ridicule the individuals who are definitely not. There are as yet other shallow methods of passing judgment on others. One of these ways is which house every individual has a place with. Every individual is appointed to a house when they get to Hogwarts. There is a lot of rivalry between the houses, however the best rivalry is among Gryffindor and Slytherin. While presenting the houses the Sorting Hat says, you may have a place in Gryffindor, where abide the valiant on the most fundamental level, their challenging, nerve, and gallantry set Gryffindor separated; or maybe in Slytherin youll make your genuine companions, those cleverness society utilize any way to accomplish their finishes. (p. 118). Slytherin has a background marked by having its individuals from unadulterated Wizard families and of winning the House Cup commonly. Draco Malfoy is a piece of that house. Be that as it may, it isn't really the best house. There have additionally been various terrible Wizards that had a place with that house. Voldemort, an ace at dim expressions originated from Slytherin. Gryffindor li kewise has a decent notoriety. On the train to Hogwarts hermione says, Ive been making an inquiry or two, and I trust Im in Gryffindor, it sounds by a long shot the best; I hear Dumbledore himself was in it. (p. 106). The opposition is so furious between the houses that even the educators get included. A considerable lot of them appear to be partial in granting and taking focuses from their own or restricting houses. For instance, Ron says, Snapes head of Slytherin House. They state he generally favors them. (p. 135). Characters are likewise decided by their insight. Hermione is the most astute individual in the class so she has a decent notoriety. Rowling depicts her when she composes, Hermione was as eager and anxious as ever and looked desparate to demonstrate that she wasnt a dunderhead. (p. 137). Before the finish of the novel she achieves this through her last, most important test grades, Harry had nearly overlooked that the test results were still to come, however come they d idHermione, obviously, had the best grades of the principal years. (p.307). Neville Longbottom, then again, isn't so canny. He doesn't do very well in school so his notoriety isn't as acceptable. Hagrid has gained notoriety for knowledge. He isn't shrewd and isn't permitted to utilize enchantment since he was kicked out of Hogwarts. At whatever point he uses enchantment he appears to wreck it somehow. This isn't generally a decent method to pass judgment on others, however it is utilized frequently, particularly by Draco Malfoy. He appreciates ridiculing Hagrid for his ineptitude. Neville Longbottom has an underneath normal knowledge, just as beneath normal aptitudes at pretty much every undertaking that includes enchantment. His enchantment aptitudes by and large are extremely poor. For instance, when he attempts to fly a broomstick he winds up breaking his wrist since he cannot control it. Malfoy insults him continually for this. Harry, then again, has incredible abilities at flyi ng a broomstick. On his first attempt he has extraordinary readiness and speed. Educator McGonagall portrays him by saying, The young men a whiz. Ive seen nothing like itHe found that thing in his grasp after a fifty-foot jump, didnt even scratch himself. (p. 151). Harry gets a lot of applause and numerous commendations for the entirety of his extraordinary plays at Quidditch. Favorable circumstances Of Convergence Of Us Gaap And Ifrs Accounting EssayBy the finish of the novel J.K. Rowling has shown her perusers numerous significant life exercises. The manner in which the characters judge each other on an outside level can be contrasted with the manner in which numerous individuals are decided, in actuality. Individuals are made a decision about all the time by their knowledge, monetary status, their different aptitudes and capacities and by the shade of their skin. Rowling appears through the activities of her characters that it is smarter to pass judgment on individuals by their character and their heart than by parts of their life that they cannot control. She additionally gives her perusers that it is so imperative to love and deal with one another. On the off chance that individuals don't deal with one another than they will achieve nothing. Despite the fact that Harry is the saint in the novel, he couldnt have beaten Voldemort without the assistance of his companions. Collaboration is a need for having a fruitful life. Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone is an exceptionally engaging novel, yet more critically, it radiates numerous basic life lessons.Bibliography:

Audience as Market vs Audience as Public Essay Example for Free

Crowd as Market versus Audience as Public Essay The significance of evaluations is essential, for it is the thing that decides the most taken care of projects that give a trace of fulfillment from the crowds as buyers. It is a proportion of reaction that enables makers and chiefs to figure out what kind of projects are suitable for a specific time. It additionally enlightens something regarding the crowd, by and large, their age and program inclination. The crowd as-showcase see was showed through the numerous ads that can be found on the advertisements or broadcast appointment distributed in the middle of TV programs. (Ang, 1991, pp. 28) Most of the TV programs were a likewise benefit making program that produces cash from the feelings and fulfillment of the open area. In a progressively customary sense, wherein broadcasting is utilized as a methods for transmitting data, the crowds are seen as an open. From a wide perspective it depicts open assistance through communicating. The individuals who take broadcasting in the conventional sense accept that they have a duty to give data to the open area or to their crowds. (Ang, 1991, pp. 29) Impact of Globalization There had been a few changes in the telecom business because of the advancements in innovation and the appearance of globalization. The better approaches for conveying various media data by means of satellite have colossally increment the crowd decision and made access to various projects much progressively less expensive (McQuail, 1997, pp. 9). An occasion that shows the appearance of globalization can be thought about the distinctive intelligent projects use to create assets and commercials. In broad daylight administration broadcasting, the most recent advancements have made it simpler to get and introduce data and news. By being intelligent, it had the option to request questions and feelings from the crowd that further make an increasingly educated watchers. Decision Broadcasting is a lucrative industry that was advanced by an industrialist organization. In spite of the fact that there were sees that it is should be utilized and contextualize to serve the general population, all things considered, this view would just be a piece of a bigger social market plot. It is imperative to examine the institutional structure that powered the telecom business in capable for one to decide how break down the crowd. Because of the way that it is the institutional system which figures out who are the crowds and how they should reaction and be address. Book reference Ang, I. 1991Desperately Seeking the Audience, Routledge, London/New York, , pp. 26-32 McQuail, D. 1997Audience Analysis, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California, , pp. 1-11. Moores, S. 2000. Media And Everyday Life In Modern Society. Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh. pp. 5-23 Schirato, T. also, Yell, S. 1996'Communication and Culture', Communication and Cultural Literacy: A presentation, Allen and Unwin, St Leonards, Sydney, , pp. 1-21 Schlesinger, P. Do Institutions Make a difference For Public Servic Broadcasting? College of Stirling, Scotland. Recovered on August 12, 2007. Recovered from www. ofcom. organization. uk/counsel/condocs/psb2/psb2/psbwp/wp2schles. pdf Thompson, J. 1997, 'Mass Communication and Mass Culture' in O'Sullivan, Tim and Jewkes, Yvonne (eds), The Media Studies Reader, Edward Arnold Ltd, London, pp. 28-41 Williams, R. 1997'Mass and Masses' in O'Sullivan, Tim and Jewkes, Yvonne (Eds), The Media Studies Reader, Edward Arnold ltd, , pp. 18-27

A Summary of Marketing Myopia Essay

Unique This record sums up crafted by Theodore Levitt in his work distributed in The Harvard Business Review titled â€Å"Marketing Myopia.† Levitt’s work subtleties the reasons development enterprises are really not that by any stretch of the imagination, and how associations flop over the globe with respect to promoting. Moreover, the report will correspond Levitt’s work in 1960 to contemporary promoting. Catchphrase: Theodore Levitt, showcasing nearsightedness, contemporary promoting A Summary of Marketing Myopia Showcasing Myopia by Theodore Levitt was distributed by Harvard Business Review in the mid year of 1960. As indicated by Levitt (1960), all enterprises are development ventures and the disappointment of businesses isn't a direct result of advertising immersion, but since of the board. Levitt utilizes the oil business, car industry, transportation industry, and gadgets industry to help that idea. What's more, Levitt subtleties how populace has no impact on business achievement. In conclusion, Levitt synopses what is important to keep away from the promoting nearsightedness disorder from a diagram. Levitt opens his work by call attention to that disappointment is at the top. In a progressively explicit reaction, disappointment of the association lay on the top officials who are answerable for wide points and strategies (Levitt, 1960). To help his thought, Levitt used the railroad and Hollywood film organizations as models. Levitt clarifies the railroad didn't fizzle since traveler and cargo transportation declined, but since the railroad neglected to flexibly the customers’ need (Levitt, 1960). Levitt proceeds with Hollywood clarifying that they didn't come up short since TV appears; they fizzled in light of the fact that administration ordered them as the â€Å"movie† business rather than the â€Å"entertainment† business (Levitt, 1960). Levitt keeps on supporting his thought by showing what spared Hollywood. Levitt clarifies, it was not aâ resurgence of clients to the film business, yet in truth was a flood of youthful new journalists. Levitt proceeds with the clarification of Marketing Myopia by precluding the populace fantasy. As indicated by Levitt (1960), the possibility that benefits are guaranteed by and growing and increasingly well-to-do populace is of high repute to each industry. In any case; Levitt proceeds by demonstrating that this â€Å"myth† is experiencing a principal yet normal change (Levitt, 1960). The populace legend endeavors to clarify that in the event that huge amounts of individuals need the item, at that point item advancement to supplant the present thing isn't essential. As indicated by Levitt (1960), the oil industry’s endeavors have concentrated on improving the effectiveness of getting and making its item, not so much on improving the conventional item or its advertising. In this manner, the oil business owes its proceeded with progress to other item improvements. So as to abstain from â€Å"marketing myopia† organizations must make four stages. To start they should adjust to the necessities of the market, and the quicker the better. Second, the organization must utilize a vivacious pioneer whose vision and drive set the tone for the organization. Third, the whole association must be client making and client fulfilling associations. Finally, the organization must consider itself purchasing clients. Contemporary advertising centers around the requirements of the purchaser versus the dealer. Levitt’s work with Marketing Myopia relates legitimately to that point. Organizations are not, at this point ready to kick back and appreciate proceeded with advertise development. They should concentrate on the purchasers needs and simultaneously find a way to make its own items outdated. Moreover, business must concentrate on what industry they place their item, similarly as with the railroad being in the â€Å"railroad† business as opposed to the â€Å"transportation† business. Taking everything into account, Theodore Levitt distributed Marketing Myopia in the 1960 version of the Harvard Business Review. The article discloses how organizations tumble to the elimination list in generally brief timeframe periods or are restored by different organizations whose item depends on theirs. Levitt clarifies the four stages organizations must take to guarantee they don't get the nearsighted perspectives. References Levitt, T. (1960). Advertising Myopia. Harvard Business Review, 138-149.

Summer Reading Part 8 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Summer Reading Part 8 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog A few more incoming students have passed along content for summer reading/following.   If you are an incoming student and you want your information published see here for details.   If you want to find all the Summer Reading entries, simply type Summer Reading in the Search bar over in the right hand menu and they will all be on one page. Stephanie Chang (Incoming MIA) Blog:   http://rosyspecks.blogspot.com/ Chris Planicka (Incoming MPA-DP) Blog: http://cplanicka.blogspot.com/ Juan Manuel Rodilla (Incoming MIA) Blog:   A blog (In Spanish) containing different development approaches: Rural Participatory Appraisal, Right-Based Approach, Power studies, Gender, etc. The project of the blog was developed by me for the Polytechnic University of Valencia and the approaches, tools and study-cases are developed by different researchers. Maybe could be interesting for other SIPA students who speak Spanish http://www.planificacionparticipativa.upv.es/wordpress/ Emmania Rodriguez (Incoming MPA) Blog:   http://www.emmania-travels.blogspot.com/

Blackish Season 2 Episode 1 Life of Black Americans - 825 Words

Blackish Season 2 Episode 1: Explores the Life of Black Americans (Movie Review Sample) Content: BlackishBlackish is a TV show that explores the life of Black Americans more explicitly than ever. According to the shore, they are proud Americans but still value some things about African culture and would want to live that way. The show addresses concerns of the new black American culture that seems to erase the typical culture. When Johnson sets of a journey to be blackish, scenes start unfolding the life of black Americans in the US.It focuses on a family with a white neighborhood. The mother and father of Johnson, both are Africans. The series is acted mainly in the house and work place. At home, the show assesses how much cultural destruction has taken place in the children and how the family relates. Their values, what affects them and how they Johnson works hard to make his family blackish. At the workplace and relationship with their neighbor shows how Johnson and his family relates with other cultures. The workplace features more talks and less drama. One o f the heated talk at the board room was about whether Johnson should spank his child. Most of them agreed but admitted they cannot do it (Poniekewozik, 2014).Johnson fears for his children. They are losing track of who they are. Junior for instance does not nod to other black American kids and he even wants to change his name to sound more American. Andre Johnson becomes very irritated by that and swears to change it. To the Africans Brotherhood is unquestionable. If you dont act like a brother then nobody has any business with you. Johnson trains Junior to identify and nod to black students as a show of brother hood.The show does not dwell on racism. It even shows that sometimes racism is something that people might believe is happening while not. It is shown by the way Johnson develops paranoia at the work place. He thinks that they are will award a white person a promotion. When he is given the promotion, he thinks that it was ridiculous and they were up to something. So the sh ow focuses on the African Americans lives amongst whites regarding their culture (Moraes, 2014).We learnt from the several episodes that it is difficult for the Blacks to maintain their culture in the American culture. Children in most cases were easily changed. Johnson wants to give a talk to his children. He goes ahead and talks to junior about sex. He is direct and very explicit and thinks that that is the right way to do it. He thinks that his father never gave him the talk. Later, Johnson is shocked to learn that a box of condoms he found at his room when he was young was left by his father. This is the less explicit culture of Africans. The culture protects or does not support talks about sex between parents and children.Blackish also shows the rivalry that exists between wives and the mother of their husbands. In bringing in the mother of Johnson, Africans culture or norm occurs that there is strong love between grandchildren and their grandmother. The love is shown when the children of Mr. Johnson prefer their grandmother to cook on Christmas over their mother. Later a rivalry between Rainbow and Johnsons mother ripens. Her mother -in-law simply hates her daughter (ABC, 2016).The TV show also explores the effect modern culture on the African culture. Some scenes show how the strong African culture can survive ages and remain relevant. Many incidences in the show that seem to ignore culture en...

Did The Atomic Bomb Be End World War II - 1115 Words

Was it Necessary to Drop the Atomic Bomb to End World War II? Inventions have been accomplished due to the vast technology that is in place. Technology has led to the advancement of warfare in most parts of the world. The same technology has resulted in inventions that range from gunpowder to the atom that is splitting the environments across the borders. These inventions have led to some countries being able to leap over other weaker countries when it comes to war. Among all these inventions, the atomic bomb stands out as the most lethal weapon. The splitting atom has launched the whole world through its conventional warfare that led the world to change their perspectives to ushering in a new era of the nuclear age. The world atomic bomb is so vivid to the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima (Madaras 99). When one mentions these two places and the splitting atom, a person is able to picture a city that was torn apart and the masses of people that were killed by the United States actions of using the bomb in these two cities. Thus, this paper tri es to examine if it was necessary for the United States to drop the atomic bomb on the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima in order to bring an end to World War II. The majority of societies across the borders agree that atrocities were committed to the people of Japan in the year 1945. Over 170, 000 innocent lives, not counting politicians or soldiers died due the atom bomb that was dropped by the United States. It is believed that theShow MoreRelatedAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki844 Words   |  4 PagesDuring World War II Americans dropped atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki killing nearly 200,000 people. This resulted in Japans surrender in World War II. J. Samuel Walker analyzes this historical event in his book Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs. Over the past 70 years’ extensive research has been conducted and there is an understanding that Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs is inconclusive. It is impossible to determine thatRead MoreTruman and Atomic Bombs649 Words   |  3 Pagesdropping of the atom bomb. HARRY S TRUMAN amp; THE DECISION TO ORDER THE DROPPING OF THE ATOMIC BOMB Boom! Boom! Seventy thousands Japanese citizens were perished instantly after the first atomic bomb was dropped in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Japanese still refused to surrender to Allied forces. On August 9, 1945, with the dropping of the second atomic bomb in Nagasaki, where eighty thousands people were vaporized, Japanese surrendered unconditionally and the World War II ended (â€Å"The DecisionRead MorePresident Truman Made A Nuclear Weapon1745 Words   |  7 Pagesdropped a nuclear weapon on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, at the command of President Harry Truman. Then, on August 9, 1945 a second atomic bomb was dropped on Japan in the city of Nagasaki. President Truman made this choice in an effort to end World War II. World War II began on September 1,1939 and ended on September 2,1945 ending in an Allie victory. This world was fought primarily by the Axis Powers: Germany, Austria, Italy, and Japan and the Allie Powers: Great Britain, France, The USSR, andRead MoreA Closer Look at the Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki1485 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States to surrender in the war and rejecting each one, the Japanese set themselves up for disaster. On August 6, 1945 the course of history was changed. Two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima, and three days later, August 9, 1945, on Nagasaki that ended World War II. Japan had already been a defeated nation from conventional bombs and World War II. Many innocent lives were lost, psychological scars were left on the lives of the bomb survivors, and thus many livesRead MoreThe Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki1656 Words   |  7 PagesDid the atomic bomb have to be used in World War II on Japan? There were multiple reasons why the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were necessary. One of which is to reduce the chance of Allied casualties if the war continued. Another reason was to prohibit the possibility that an Axis country such as Nazi Germany, could crea te an atomic weapon. A third reason or is whether or not the use of atomic weapons on innocent people was worth the media backlash. A final reason is that the workRead More The Decision To Drop The Atomic Bomb Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Trumans decision to drop the atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the direct cause for the end of World War II in the Pacific. The United States felt it was necessary to drop the atomic bombs on these two cities or it would suffer more casualties. Not only could the lives of many soldiers have been taken, but possibly the lives of many innocent Americans. The United States will always try to avoid the loss of American civilians at all costs, even if that means takingRead MoreAtomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Trumans decision to drop the atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the direct cause for the end of World War II in the Pacific. The United States felt it was necessary to drop the atomic bombs on these two cities or it would suffer more casualties. Not only could the lives of many soldiers have been taken, but possibly the lives of many innocent Americans. The United States will always try to avoid the loss of American civilians at all costs, even if that means takingRead MoreTruman s Choice Was A Good One989 Words   |  4 PagesOn August 6, 1945, a bomb with the force of 20,000 tons of TNT, was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later a similar bomb was dropped on the city Nagasaki. Both cities were effectively eradicated and so was there people. Six days after that, Japan surrendered, thus ending World War II. Americans supported the action of Truman, that is until they saw the images of the destructive power of the bomb. The horrific images showing the victims of radiation and of burns that are causedRead MoreAtomic Bomb Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesThe Atomic Bomb was the deadliest weapons in the history of war. Throughout World War II one of the most stubborn countries to surrender was Japan who relentlessly fought against the United States of America. After failing to defeat America, Japan was overwhelmed by allied forces. Staying with tradition however, Japan would rather die in battle than to surrender. The Soviet Union also fought against America but that was towards the end of the war. The United States dropped both of the Atomic BombsRead MoreThe Nuclear Bomb: The Controversial Devision in World War II Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesStates had been in war for almost four years. Over 416,800 American lives were taken, and four percent of the worlds population was killed in World War II. America needed a way to end the war as quickly as possible with the fewest U.S. casualties. A Japanese invasion was considered, but it would put American lives at stake. With the invention of the atomic bomb, President Truman made the most debated decision: the decision to use the most deadly weapon ever invented- the nuclear bomb. It was a very

Symbolism In Night By Elie Wiesel - 935 Words

In a true-story about more suffering and terror one could ever even attempt to imagine, one man tells his story about learning that just because you’re breathing doesn’t mean you’re living. In the memoir Night, Elie Wiesel uses symbolism to reveal that physical death is not the only way to die. Through symbolism Elie shows us that one can not only die physically but mentally as well. In the ending of chapter four Elie tells us about a hanging he witnessed while in Buna. On page 62 Juliek states â€Å"‘This ceremony, will it be over soon? I’m hungry†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬ . That small statement alone is an example of a death of humanity/ compassion. The lack of reaction from Juliek and the other inmates shows what state of mind they must have been in. Anyone†¦show more content†¦Go ahead take what I’m giving you’†. Elie also includes details such as â€Å"He looked at me with his tired eyes,veiled by despair†. Despair is such a strong word and really drives his point even further. Despair in itself means to have a complete lack of hope. His father was ready to accept the fact his life would be over and gave Elie his â€Å"inheritance†. The spoon and knife are symbolic because they represent how much the inmates really l ost in the Holocaust. Most people get more than a spoon and knife for an inheritance but that’s truly all Elie’s father had. Everything else had been taken right from them, and the fact that Elie’s father gave the very last things he owned away shows his complete hopelessness in a way out of the fate they were set up for. Having so little was just another reason for Elie’s father to suffer this type of emotional death. He didn’t have much to give up and didn’t see many reasons to continue on, It’s hard to hold onto your hope when you physically barely have anything. This example is proof of how one can suffer a death other than a physical one and it can even be more agonizing, at that. Elie uses his gold crown, and his shoes as symbols for the shattering of his identity he suffered through his Holocaust experiences. Elie was faced with a choice when he arrived in Buna. Elie’s tent leader tells him he can arrange for Elie to stay with his father as long as he gives up his shoes. Elie refused to give up his shoes because â€Å"they wereShow MoreRelatedEssay Symbolism in Elie Wiesels Night860 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Night by Brooke Justus Elie Wiesel uses several types of figurative language in Night. In his novel, Elie’s use of symbolism is most important in helping the reader understand the horrors of his experience during the Holocaust. The first and most prevalent example of symbolism in the book is the title itself. By calling the novel â€Å"Night† it is apparent to the reader that the Holocaust was a dark experience, full of terror and suffering. The entire novel is filled with â€Å"last nights†Read MoreNight by Elie Wiesel and A Spring Morning by Ida Fink692 Words   |  3 PagesDehumanization With an overwhelming amount of power, humanity becomes lost in the desire to control. In the novel Night by Elie Wiesel and the connection â€Å"A Spring Morning† by Ida Fink, both authors demonstrate a common theme of dehumanization by using literary devices such as: specific diction, symbolism and tone. Throughout the novel and connection, specific diction is used to express the hatred the Germans felt towards the Jewish during the Holocaust. In the connection â€Å"A Spring Morning†, theRead MoreNazi Death Camps in the Night by Elie Wiesel833 Words   |  4 PagesNight is an non fiction, dramatic book that tells the horrors of the nazi death camps all around Europe. The book is an autobiographical account of what happened, so the main character is the author. The author is Elie Wiesel who was only 14 year old when Nazi Germany came through his town of Sighet, Transylvania. This is story is set between the years of 1944 and 1945. Elie and his family of 4 are optimistic when Germany begins to take power. Germany invades Hungary, then arrives in Elie’s townRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel996 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand how deeply literal and symbolic the book entitled Night by Elie Wiesel is. The novel brings light to the reader about what the Jews faced while in the fire, hell and night; nonetheless, the author portrays each and every day during this year as a night in hell of conflagration. Were this conflagration to be extinguished one day, nothing would be left in the sky but extinct stars and unseeing eyes. (Wiesel 20). When Wiesel arrived at the camp he counted the longest dreadful ten stepsRead MoreThe Theme of Darkness in Night by Elie Wiesel1514 Words   |  7 Pagesthan what is first apparent on the surface. In the novel Night by Elie Wiesel, the theme of night and darkness is prevalent throughout the story and is used as a primary tool to convey symbolism, foreshadowing, and the hopeless defeat felt by prisoners of Holocaust concentration camps. Religion, the various occurring crucial nights, and the many instances of foreshadowing and symbolism clearly demonstrate how the reoccurring theme of night permeates throughout the novel. Faith in a higher powerRead MoreSilent Night840 Words   |  4 PagesSilent Night Many people look at the Holocaust in ways that are indescribable. They talk about it but do not believe that something so tragic could happen in this world. With the book Night, Elie Wiesel takes readers on a path to show them the true story of what it really was. With so many in-depth details, Wiesel describes a horrific place filled with hatred and fear that not one person could likely survive today. He describes just how the concentration camps were and how most people only wishedRead MoreElie Wiesel And Oskar Schindler And Schindlers List768 Words   |  4 PagesMillions of Jews died in world war 2 millions of innocent lives perished one of the darkest chapters in human history. At Auschwitz alone, more than 2 million Jews were murdered (history.com). To begin, Night published by Elie Wiesel, the summary of night, Jews were being sent to concentration camps to work and be safe during the war. the Jews were tortured and killed by the s.s soldiers. The Jews were liberated by the red army at the end of the war. Secondly, Schindler’s List Directed by StevenRead More`` Night `` By Elie Wiesel1341 Words   |  6 Pagesmemoir â€Å"Night,† written by Elie Wiesel describes the brutality Wiesel experienced during the Holocaust, and how life changing it was. Although some may believe the memoir written by Elie Wiesel was titled â€Å"Night† because he was forced to leave his home during the night, Wiesel illustrates Jews losing hope, faith, and happiness through the symbol of Night, to prove that the memoir was titled â€Å"Night† to symbolize the darkness the holocaust created. The first darkness that the word â€Å"Night,† symbolizedRead MoreThe Holocaust Was The Systematic And Bureaucratic Murder Of Six Million Jews By The Nazi Party1099 Words   |  5 Pages Megan Cooper Instructor Klug English 10B May 1st, 2017 Analyzing Night Style The Holocaust was the systematic and bureaucratic murder of six million Jews by the Nazi party and its collaborators. During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities targeted many groups of people because of their perceived racial inferiority including Gypsies, the disabled, and some of the Slavic peoples. Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds. Several authorsRead MoreThe Essay : The Consequential Concerto1206 Words   |  5 PagesUniversal Right of freedom to have self expression and to hold one’s opinion was violated numerous time throughout Elie Wiesel s memoir, Night, as well as throughout modern and antiquity culture with the LGBTQ+ oppression. Although the physical torment and torture suffered by Holocaust victims was nothing short of demonical, the mental abuse and restriction was even more so ungodly. Elie Wiesel clearly depicts this subtle yet dementing experience when he writes, â€Å"Behind me, I heard the same man asking:

Narrative Structure In Heart Of Darkness, By Joseph Conrad

A frame narrative structure allows authors to incorporate their character’s reflection and their own opinions into a story. The novella Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, uses a frame structure to tell the story of Marlow, a European seaman, as he journeys into Africa to extract an ivory hoarder. However, in the frame of the story, the people who hear Marlow’s tale seem to be unmoved and do not take Marlow seriously. The lack of response from the group suggests they do not want to hear Marlow, yet Conrad also uses the men to relate them to the rest of Europe at the time of his writing. The nameless â€Å"I†, who creates the frame narrative, is the main character that Conrad uses to express his opinions he has about Europe via his commentary.†¦show more content†¦It was just like Marlow. It was accepted in silence. No one took the trouble to grunt even† (Conrad 6). The men on the boat have come to accept Marlow’s seemingly strange remarks a nd decide to ignore them. Finally, before Marlow begins to tell his story, the narrator states that the men on the boat know they are about to hear â€Å"one of Marlow’s inconclusive experiences† (Conrad 8). This final remark before Marlow starts suggests that he has told many stories before; however, because Marlow speaks in such a way that the men cannot understand, the men believe that what Marlow tells of has no meaning. Due to the confusion Marlow causes in his story-telling, the desire of the men to be silent, and Marlow’s tendency to tell seemingly pointless stories, the men on the boat choose to ignore Marlow’s message about imperialism in Africa. Conrad uses these attributes about the men to directly compare them to other Europeans in that they do not care about the occurrences within Africa and do not wish to understand stories that require effort to find the deeper meaning. Marlow is not ignored the entire time though, and at the end of the boo k Conrad uses the narrator once again to connect what Marlow says to his current time. As the sun sets and the tide begins to disappear, the narrator states that â€Å"the offing was barred by a black bank of clouds, and the tranquil waterway leading to the uttermostShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness963 Words   |  4 Pagespeople. Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, can be criticised through many different lenses. Though Natives are a large part of Conrad’s narrative of European atrocities in the Congo, his treatment of Congolese Natives throughout the book show them to be nothing more than props. Conrad skews Natives language, culture and intelligence to fit Europeans schema for Africa and Africans. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is placed in a colonized Congo. ...despite Heart of Darkness s (Joseph Conrad) obviousRead MoreEssay about Point of View and Theme in Heart of Darkness1019 Words   |  5 PagesPoint of View and Theme in Heart of Darkness       In Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness the story of Marlow, an Englishman travelling physically up an unnamed river in Africa and psychologically into the human possibility, is related to the reader through several narrational voices. The primary first-person narrator is an Englishman aboard the yawl, the Nellie, who relates the story as it is told to him by Marlow. Within Marlows narrative are several instances when Marlow relies uponRead More The Narrative Structure of Wuthering Heights and Heart of Darkness1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Narrative Structure of Wuthering Heights and Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte was first published in 1847, during the Victorian Era. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad was first published as a complete novel in 1902, beginning what is referred to as the Modernist Era in literature. Each of these compelling stories is narrated by an uninvolved character who is quoting a story told to them by a character who actually participated in the story being told. There areRead MoreThings Fall Apart, And The Heart Of Darkness1518 Words   |  7 Pagesand the Heart of Darkness. I will compare and contrast the narrative structure, the language used and the themes explored. Through this critical analysis, we can gain a better understanding of the two extracts, each one helping to illuminate the other. The passages I will be analysing are: Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe, Page 124 Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad, Page 116-117 Narrative Structure Narrative Voice, Point of View: Focalisation Conrad writes in first person homodiegetic narrative whereasRead More Transformation in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesin Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since Francis Ford Coppola’s   Apocalypse Now was based on Joseph Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness, it is possible to draw many parallels between the two works. Both can be interpreted as metaphors for a journey through the inner self, and each has its own particular message to convey. In many ways they also appear to have similarities to Arthurian Legend, in particular the quest for the holy grail, and other allegorical journey narratives. TheRead More The Style, Technique, and Structure of Conrads Heart of Darkness2805 Words   |  12 Pagesand Structure of Heart of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is proof that a novel does not have to be long to have literary merit. Heart of Darkness is quite short, yet intriguing, due to the content of the novel. Much like Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Heart of Darkness overwhelms the reader by the power of the story so that one will never feel quite satisfied with their attempts to intellectualize the experience (Adelman 8).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Heart of Darkness was writtenRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness2142 Words   |  9 PagesDiwas Puri Professor Janet Dean LCS-121 Date: 10th December, 2014. Man is innately evil: The Journey to the Heart of real Darkness Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad has intrigued and confused many literary theorists since the book gained prominence in the early 1900s. People like Achebe have criticized it for being too racist, whereas others have simply regarded it as an allegory of imperialism that portrays how the colonists really lived their lives in the far flung places. One might also assertRead MoreJoseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1321 Words   |  6 PagesIn what is considered to be one of his most important works, Joseph Conrad pulls largely from his own experience in the Congo Free State. Heart of Darkness tells the story of Englishman Charles Marlow and his adventure as a steamship captain on the Congo River to rescue Mr. Kurtz, an ivory trader living deep in the jungle. Conrad is quoted as having said, â€Å"My task is, above all, to make you see.† His experience of seeing inhuman slave labor and the ruthless search for ivory in Belgian King LeopoldRead More Modernism Essay examples3205 Words   |  13 Pagesgreat authors. Two of the pioneer Modernist writers were Joseph Conrad and T.S. Eliot. The tendencies to question the incontestable beliefs embedded in all thinking and to focus on the inner self dominated. Old viewpoints were tossed aside to make way for the discovery of modern mans personal spirituality. Two works that are considered important forbears in the Modern period are T.S. Eliots The Wasteland and Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness. One attribute of Modernist writing is ExperimentationRead More Loss of Innocence in Heart of Darkness Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesLoss of Innocence in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Heart of Darkness is Joseph Conrads tale of one mans journey, both mental and physical, into the depths of the wild African jungle and the human soul. The seaman, Marlow, tells his crew a startling tale of a man named Kurtz and his expedition that culminates in his encounter with the voice of Kurtz and ultimately, Kurtzs demise. The passage from Part I of the novel consists of Marlows initial encounter with the natives of this place

The Culture Of Folk Culture - 863 Words

Culture, in general, marks an individual’s interests whether it be their religious practice, their habitual meals, or their ancient legends that they speak about to future generations. Any culture must have a birth place, most of them spawning in local communities, or erupting from a specific group of individuals. The more indigenous music and stories and that brood from these smaller communities is considered folk culture. Though, most of the legends, jokes, and myths told from these specific families in past generations die off, accustoming to the specific events that are occurring today. This is recognized as popular culture or â€Å"pop culture†; appealing to a larger and more general audience. The creation of a certain type of culture, including â€Å"pop culture,† must have a starting place whereas in this case its mother is folk culture. Folk culture reveals the strength and concentration about a certain individual in any community, but it also reflects up on their willingness to incorporate and celebrate new traditions that are introduced. Folk culture reveals an abundance of traits about a specific human being, in the most simplistic of ways. Art, for example, is the beauty of culture, representing the strengths and weaknesses in a community. It is signified by the color of the art, the fabric used to create the art, or the words implemented by the art exemplifying the beliefs of the practitioners. Gloria Jean Watkins, who goes by the pen name of Bell Hooks, is a feministShow MoreRelatedFolk Culture And Popular Culture1499 Words   |  6 Pagesare just a few different rituals and cultures that exist all around our world. They might not be what we call â€Å"normal,† but to those who are practicing them, they are part of their popular or folk culture, and for them, are completely normal. Perspective is everything. The main difference between folk and popular culture is the impact it has on society. Folk culture is usually practiced within a small group of people or city. On the other hand, popular culture is seen in a large group or countryRead MoreImpact of Globalisation on Folk Culture3776 Words   |  16 PagesGlobalization with Respect to its Impact on Indian Culture *Dr. Sushil Kumar Singh, Assistant Professor LFEH, School of Education, Lovely Professional University,   Phagwara, Punjab. ABSTRACT It has been experienced that every step of movement towards economic, political and cultural modernization, taken by the state in India, is responded to by the people with an enhanced sense of self-consciousness and awareness of identity. Cultural modernization, sponsored by the forces of globalization, is resentedRead MoreFolk Dances: the Lost Prestige of Philippine Culture6862 Words   |  28 PagesFolk Dances: The Lost Prestige of Philippine Culture Cymond Calalo, Margot Lobendino, and Ollie Magsino De La Salle Lipa Integrated School Author’s Note Cymond Calalo English 10 De La Salle Lipa – Integrated School, Margot Lobendino English 10 De La Salle Lipa – Integrated School, Ollie Magsino English 10 De La Salle Lipa – Integrated School. Correspondence concerning this research should be addressed to Ollie Magsino, De La Salle Lipa – Integrated School, Lipa City, Philippines 4217Read MoreJewish Folk Dance As A Means Of Creating A New Israeli Culture1717 Words   |  7 Pagesmeans for this colonization because it made it dangerous for Jewish people to express their own national identity in the European nations they dispersed to. As a result, certain traditions, like Jewish folk dance, which were not codified, were lost. Jewish folk dance also disappeared because folk traditions are strongly connected to the land in which they originated and the majority of Jews left Israel. Furthermore, because of the third commandant of the Torah, Jews were not allowed to depict imagesRead More Traditional Dance as the Way to Understand the Culture Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesGermans, Chinese etc. will perceive dance performance in the same way. Traditional dance involves not only dance performance, but traditional national music, costumes and attributes as well. So, through the traditional folk dances people can get acquainted with one or another’s culture. However, according to Bridget Rose Nolan (2008, 8) the nature of the traditional dances are very complex, and the question about to what extent such dances are traditional is arguable. She states that â€Å"dance is arguablyRead MoreIndividualism Is Celebrated As An Achievement Of Our Culture, Economy, And Success1328 Words   |  6 Pagesmodern society, individualism is celebrated as an achievement of our culture, economy, and success. It basks in the light of personal success overthrowing the success of the community, and believes that to be personally successful is more important than the success and solidarity among the people you identify with. In the 19th century of Latin America, this ideology was forced onto a society that perceived itself as a collective culture. The success of the majority was more important than the su ccessRead MoreThe Folk Through Three Decades1538 Words   |  7 Pages(Winnipeg Folk Festival) changed its suggested definition of the folk through three decades. She explored this topic by exploring media coverage and administrator beliefs on the subject of the folklore presence at these festivals. The festival was inaugurated in 1974 and was originally designated to celebrate Winnipeg’s centenary. However, with its success, the festival because an annual celebration of folk. At its beginnings, the WFF featured mostly Anglo North American and Irish â€Å"folk† singersRead MoreItalian And Italian Folk Music1137 Words   |  5 PagesItalian Folk Culture Music Italian folk music reflects the area’s history, language, and its ethnic composition. Italian folk music can identify the region, it is from. In the North the music is symbolic with intelligible lyrics and a very strict tempo compared to the Southern region, which has a more stained vocal style (Italian Music). Folk music began developing with the shift from writing in Latin to Italian around 12th century Italy (Italian Music). Italy’s diverse variety of folk music representsRead MoreEssay about Important Terms in Cultural Anthropology1063 Words   |  5 Pages5 4/25/13 Chapter 4 KBAT Material Culture-The physical objects produced by a culture in order to meet its material needs: food, clothing, shelter, arts, and recreation. Culture-The body of beliefs (values), social forms, and material traits that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people. Folk Culture-Cultural traditions practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation. Popular Culture-Cultural elements found in large, heterogeneousRead MoreCultural Bound Syndromes1568 Words   |  7 PagesCulture-bound syndrome The term culture-bound syndrome was included in the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) which also includes a list of the most common culture-bound conditions (DSM-IV: Appendix I). Included in DSM-IV-TR (4th.ed) the term cultural-bound syndrome denotes recurrent, locality-specific patterns of abnormal behavior and troubling experience that may or may not be linked to a particular DSM-IV-TR

Election 2013 Free Essays

Three Debatable Issues On November 6, 2012 American’s will have the opportunity to decide on the next President, current President, Barack Obama or Mitt Romney. There are three major issues being debated during the 2012 election, which are same sex marriage, abortion and healthcare. Each candidate has an opposite stance on each issue being discussed. We will write a custom essay sample on Election 2013 or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the hot button issues is same sex marriage. In 1996, Congress passed the Defense of Marriage Act, which outlaws same sex marriage, and union between two men or two women. Currently ten states allow same sex marriage; five states recognize civil union and six have domestic partnerships. The election of 2012 will allow voters in eighteen states to decide on weather to add or ban same sex marriage. Obama is supportive on same sex marriage. Internally he struggles due to his Christian and social beliefs, however he publicly announced his endorsement on May 9, 2012. Obama, as our current President, doesn’t support the Defense of Marriage Act. He has directed his administration to stop defending the act in Courts. Romney is against same sex marriage. He believes marriage is between and woman and a man, going back 3000 years ago. He feels same sex marriage would destroy America and it’s youth. He is very supportive of Jones2 the Federal Marriage Amendment, which prohibits same sex marriage. Another major deciding issue is Abortion. Abortion is the purging of an unborn fetus, by choice or accident, in a woman’s womb. Abortion is a very highly debated as it touches on one’s right to live and one’s right to decide. In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled a woman has the right to abort her pregnancy. Romney is Pro-life, which rejects the idea of abortions based on religious, moral and ethnic grounds. He supports the rights of the unborn child. He previously supported a woman’s right to decide, however now is against abortions unless rap, incest or to save a mother’s life is involved. Obama is Pro-Choice, which takes away the governments involvement or influence and allows the mother to make the choice. He believes the government should not intrude on private family matter. The choice is given to mother to make this decision. Lastly, an issue that affects all Americans is taxes. Taxes are predetermined of money that each person has to pay on revenue-generated money. Romney supports a budget that will cut taxes for the middle class, people earing less than 200,000 a year, and individuals aged sixty five or older. He also proposes that he will remove taxes on interest, dividends and capital gains, which will in turn results in more money for the middle class. He will also remove the death tax, in which he states makes no sense a all. Current President Obama wants to work to make the tax fairer to the middle class and eliminate loopholes for the wealthy class. He is in favor of progressive tax system, which simplifies the tax code. This will allow for a more equal tax rate as currently people who make less money Jones3 could end up paying more in taxes than a wealthier person or family. Whether you agree or disagree with the issues stated previously, same sex marriage, abortion or taxes; we all have a choice to make. Each candidate has strong opposing views against each other. These topics can become a deal breaker for how our American people vote. How to cite Election 2013, Essay examples Election 2013 Free Essays Election is the process by which members in a given community or nation choose there leaders in democratic society, therefore such kind of an election should be free and fair to ensure that the leaders era acceptable to all members of the society therefore an election should give basic freedom to citizens in order to have full participation in the elector process example people should be around to join a political party of there choice without fear of intimidation, they should have access to political and elector information through civic education they should also have the right to vote secretly without coition or vote buying. Therefore fair elections must have a process which is impartial and satisfies the basic in the national standards. However, it within the process of free and fair elections that citizen express there will through the elected representatives, hence such leaders are expected to elected in a free and fair elections and can only to removed from the office through the same process, therefore a person who intimidates, corrupt and threatens the citizens before or after election becomes an enemy of democracy. We will write a custom essay sample on Election 2013 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Free and fair elections must be open to adults and the losers are expected to accept the results. The body conducting the election exercise must be impartial, transparent and able to enforce the elector rulers especially the elector code of conduct, all parties and candidates should be treated equally without discrimination or favorer as such gives the public trust and confident. he election body should ensure that all contestants or candidate offering themselves for elections should have equal opportunity especially in use of public resources during the complains. It’s therefore important to note that the party in power will certainly enjoy certain advantages in fields of government resources use of existing administrative structures and use of public media in this regard such advantages should be checked and remitted to try and ensure that all interested parties in the political arena enjoy the same privileges. Finally it’s the responsibility of every voter to ensure that election is a success. Such can only be achieved when the election process is free from barebelly intimidation and violence hence, making it transparent, free, fair and credible election. To close-up being a Kenyan citizen which is currently under going a process of national election its my wish and great desire to see my county being a model of a county with free and fair elections. How to cite Election 2013, Papers

Importance of Loyalty in the Epic of Gilgamesh Epi Essay Example For Students

Importance of Loyalty in the Epic of Gilgamesh Epi Essay c Gilgamesh essays Loyalty in The Epic of Gilgamesh The ancient Mesopotamian writing, The Epic of Gilgamesh, gives readers insight into the traditions and customs of the people who wrote it. Like all epics, The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story of a heroic national figure: this epic gives the story of the life of Gilgamesh from his birth as two-thirds god, one-third man to his death. Throughout the epic the importance of loyalty is addressed. In The Epic of Gilgamesh readers see that loyalty is the most important aspect of a Mesopotamian relationship and that there are always consequences for violating trust. Insight into loyalty and the consequences of violating loyalty is first along with the civilization of Enkidu. Before his civilization Enkidu ate grass in the hills with the gazelle and lurked with the wild beasts; he had joy of water with the heads of wild game (63). Not only did Enkidu live with the animals of the hills he helps the wild game to escape; he fills in my pits and pulls up my traps (64). The animals of the hills trusted Enkidu. No other man would be allowed to run with these animals, but they accepted Enkidu. The young trapper became displeased with the actions of Enkidu. The trapper journeys to Uruk to seek advice from Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh advises the trapper to go back, take with you a child of pleasure. At the drinking-hole she will strip, and when he sees her beckoning he will embrace her and the game of the wilderness will surely reject him (64). This passage demonstrates the known consequences of violating a loyalty. Gilgamesh knows that Enkidu will not be able to resist the temptation of a woman. The animals of the hills distrust humans and by being with a woman Enkidu will violate the trust of the animals. The trapper takes a harlot and returns the fields. Gilgameshs plan works well: As he lay on her murmuring love she taught him the womans art. For six days and seven nights they lay together, for Enkidu had forgotten his home in the hills; but when he was satisfied he went back to the wild beasts. Then when the gazelle saw him, they bolted away (65). Just as Gilgamesh had predicted Enkidu gave into human desire and became civil. The animals were betrayed and no longer accepted Enkidu as of their own. Because he could not resist the lust of a woman, Enkidu violated his loyalty, and lost the only home he had ever known. Another example of the importance of loyalty comes with Utnupishtims story of the flood. So the gods agreed to exterminate mankind. Enlil did this, but Ea because of his oath warned me in a dream (108). Eas loyalty to Utnupishtim was so important that he went against the wishes of the other gods to exterminate mankind. After the flood Enlil forgave Ea because Enlil understood the importance of Eas oath. The gods pronounced that in time past Utnupishtim was a mortal man; henceforth he and his wife shall live in the distance of the mouth of the rivers (113). These two passages demonstrate to readers the importance of loyalty. They also contrast the consequences of betrayal. Ea betrayed the other gods, but since it was because of his loyalty to Utnupishtim they did not punish Ea. The wild animals, however, could not accept Enkidus betrayal and reject him. .

Ventricular Fibrillation

Question: Identify this acute or chronic illness, Ventricular fibrillation; discuss it, and the disease process that goes with it in the clinical setting. Answer: Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) is acute life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. It is a serious condition in which is irregular rhythm of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart (Rea et al. 2014). This uncoordinated fluctuation alters normal interaction and puts the heartbeat and pulse beat out of sync. VF is the most frequently identified arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patient. Symptoms: When VF occurs, the two lower chamber of our heart are not able to pump enough to move blood through our body. This causes quick drop in our Blood pressure and as a result blood cannot get our crucial organs. The most common symptoms of VF are, one hour or less before losing consciousness patient will feel: Dizziness Nausea Chest pain Shortness of breath Fluttering heartbeat If someone experiencing VF symptoms then they should immediately call for help. Emergency Treatment: Emergency treatment of VF focuses on recovering blood flow through our body as fast as possible to stop damage in brain and other organs (Nademanee et al. 2011). Emergency treatments include: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: This treatment helps to maintain blood flow by mimicking the pumping motion that our heart makes. This is the process of pushing tough and fast on the patients chest almost 100 compressions per minute. Defibrillation: This is an electric shock through the chest barrier to the heart that temporarily stops the heart and the disordered rhythm after that it continues the normal heart rhythm. Medications: Various anti-arrhythmic drugs like a class of Beta blockers are used for emergency or long-term treatment. Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: After stable condition of patient ICD can be implemented. It is a battery power unit thats implemented near the left collarbone and constantly monitor heart rhythm. Coronary Angioplasty: this treatment is for severe VF that opens blocked coronary arteries and allows flowing blood freely to heart. Coronary Bypass Surgery: This is a surgery that involves sewing the veins or arteries in a place at a site away from the blocked coronary artery. Reference List: Rea, T., Olsufka, M., Yin, L., Maynard, C., Cobb, L. (2014). The relationship between chest compression fraction and outcome from ventricular fibrillation arrests in prolonged resuscitations.Resuscitation,85(7), 879-884. Nademanee, K., Veerakul, G., Chandanamattha, P., Chaothawee, L., Ariyachaipanich, A., Jirasirirojanakorn, K., ... Ngarmukos, T. (2011). Prevention of ventricular fibrillation episodes in Brugada syndrome by catheter ablation over the anterior right ventricular outflow tract epicardium.Circulation,123(12), 1270-1279.

Pablo Picasso Changed The Way We Look At Art Essays - Pablo Picasso

Pablo Picasso Changed The Way We Look At Art Muldoon 1 Picasso Changed the Way We Look at Art There is no abstract art. You must always start with something. Afterwards you can remove all traces of reality. -Pablo Picasso Picasso had not always been so enlightened with the fact that there was more to art than the eye could see. During the course of his ninety-one year life, Picasso encountered many ideas and people that helped form the wonderfully talented and brilliant artist in history. Picasso was born Pablo Ruiz on October 25th 1881, in Malaga, Spain. His father was a inspiring artist while his mother took care of the house. Picasso had shown a great artistic talent in his early childhood years. At 14 years old, Picasso adopted his mother's less common name. Changing Ruiz to Picasso. Shortly after this event, Picasso had finished his one month qualification exam into the Acadamy of the Arts in Barcelona. The only exceptional thing about this was that Picasso had done this in one day. Picasso stayed with the acadamy for three years, before deciding to move to San Fernando where he would then attend the Acadamy of San Fernando until the turn of the century. Picasso then joined up with the group of aspiring artists. Pablo Picasso was probably the most famous artist of the twentieth century. During his artistic career, which lasted more than 75 years, he created thousands of works, not only paintings but also sculptures, prints, and ceramics, using all kinds of materials. He almost single-handedly created modern art. He changed art more profoundly than any other artist of this century. First famous for his pioneering role in Cubism, Picasso continued to develop his art with a pace and vitality comparable to the accelerated technological and cultural changes of the twentieth century. Each change embodied a radical new idea, and it might be said that Picasso lived several artistic lifetimes. Picasso was born on October 25, 1881, in Malaga, Spain, son of an artist, Jose Ruiz, and Maria Picasso. Rather than adopt the common name Ruiz, the young Picasso took the rarer name of his mother. An artistic prodigy, Picasso, at the age of 14, completed the one-month qualifying examination of the Academy of Fine Arts in Barcelona in one day. From there he went to the Academy of San Fernando in Madrid, returning in 1900 to Barcelona, where he frequented the city's famous cabaret of intellectuals and artists, Els Quatre Gats. The years of 1901 to 1904, known as the blue period because of the blue tonality of Picasso's paintings were a time of frequent changes of residence between Barcelona and Paris. During this period, he would spend his days in Paris studying the masterworks at the Louvre and his nights enjoying the company of fellow artists at cabarets like the Lapin Agile. 1905 and 1906 marked a radical change in color and mood for Picasso. He became fascinated with the acrobats, clowns and wandering families of the circus world. He started to paint in subtle pinks and grays, often highlighted with brighter tones. This was known as his rose period. In 1907, Picasso painted Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, considered the watershed picture of the twentieth century, and met Georges Braque, the other leading figure of the Cubist movement. Cubism was equally the creation of Picasso and Braque and from 1911 to 1913, the two men were in frequent contact. In 1917, Picasso did the set and costume design for Serge Diaghilev's ballet Parade. For Picasso the 1920's were years of rich artistic exploration and great productivity. Picasso continued to design theater sets and painted in Cubist, Classical and Surreal modes. From 1929 to 1931, he pioneered wrought iron sculpture with his old friend Julio Gonzalez. In the early 1930's, Picasso did a large quantity of graphic illustrations. In late April of 1937, the world learned the shocking news of the saturation bombing of the civilian target of Guernica, Spain by the Nazi Luftwaffe. Picasso responded with his great anti-war painting, Guernica. During World War II, Picasso lived in Paris, where he turned his energy to the art of ceramics. From 1947 to 1950, he pursued new methods of lithography. The l950's saw the beginning

Stegners View of the True Hero of the West essays

Stegners View of the True Hero of the West essays The West -" home on the range where the deer and the antelope play; where seldom is heard a discouraging word and the sky is not cloudy all day."" The romantic idea of the land west of the hundredth meridian has often inspired songs and poetry, like this one, about idyllic conditions in this dry "paradise."" Often these ideas did not prove to be completely accurate, and a very few people attempted to present the facts to the public to dispel the romantic ideas of an effortless existence in these western lands. John Wesley Powell was one of these people. Wallace Stegner viewed Powell as a champion for science and one of the true heroes of this time because he did not follow the romantic ideas that so many of his contemporaries held about settlement in the West. One of the men Stegner presented as the epitome of Western romanticism was the Honorable William Gilpin, who eventually became the first territorial governor of Colorado. Throughout Stegner's book, he used Gilpin as a contrast to Powell, who represented science. Gilpin was the example of the people that Stegner believed to be enamored with the idea of the West as a huge frontier, able to support millions, without looking at the facts and examining the situation from a scientist's point of view. He pointed out several differences in Powell and Gilpin that illustrate how he believed Powell to be the hero, even though he was never recognized as one, and Gilpin to be a dreamer. Stegner gave several examples to prove that the loudest promoters of settlement were often ignorant of the lands in which they lived, which proved that they were in fact, unable to determine whether the West was ready to be settled. One of the examples Stegner used was the fact that Gilpin believed all Indian tribes to be the same. In his zeal to promote Western settlement, he made the statement that with settlement in these lands came a unity of the people of the United States. Native Americ...

State judicial system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

State judicial system - Essay Example Jurisdiction is conferred by laws and therefore cannot be waived or subject to agreement by parties. A defendant has the right to appeal a trial court’s decision, usually once, to the next immediate appellate court. Any other appeal from the initial appeal is discretionary and may be done only through a writ of certiorari or discretionary review. The appellate courts review only the law applied by the lower courts, leaving the findings of facts intact, and no new issues can be considered. They rely solely on the trial briefs of the parties and the records of the proceedings in the trial court. A discretionary review or review via a certiorari is accepted only if the issue at hand is novel or of such general importance. The final resort that a defendant can avail of, after showing state-level exhaustion, is with the federal courts on a petition for a writ of certiorari or petition for a writ of habeas corpus (Acker & Brody 2003 pp 26-29). The lowest court level in the federal court system is the federal district court, of which every state and US territory has at least one. In addition to violation and issues of the US Constitution, federal laws, treaties, diversity of citizenship jurisdiction, these courts have jurisdiction over petitions for habeas corpus that state prisoners may file on the ground that their convictions or sentences violate the US Constitution. Moreover, there must be actual disputes and controversy for federal jurisdiction to apply. On the other hand, the US federal Courts of Appeal can entertain only appeals from federal district courts within their respective circuits as the federal district courts are divided into circuits and assigned an appeals court. Additionally, certain limits of the amounts in dispute are considered before an appeal can be had to the circuit courts. In civil cases, for example, the amount involved must be more than $50 and in admiralty $300. An appeal

What were the major characteristics of the urban culture that Essay

What were the major characteristics of the urban culture that developed in late nineteenth-century America - Essay Example Earlier, in the ages of slavery and racial isolation, diversity was far away from the limelight of urban cultural life. But the urban cultural scenario in the late nineteenth-century inculcated diversity to its core by showing acceptance without considering one’s culture, ethnicity, race, color and gender. Besides, diversity is the base of the urban culture of America. The African Americans, people from different parts of Asia makes the American society more diverse. The urban culture that developed in late nineteenth-century America helped the society to be well prepared for further development in following centuries. Another important characteristic of the urban culture that developed in late nineteenth-century America was ward politics or importance gained by local politics in national political scenario. As the urban society was more diverse, ward politics helped the diverse population to gain representation in national politics. Besides, restrictions upon voting franchise, like qualification on property and tax were lifted. This helped the people to participate in local, state and national levels without any pressure from the side of major political parties. Popular culture of simply ‘pop culture’ is one of the major characteristics of the urban culture that developed in late nineteenth-century America. Popular culture originated in 19th century and developed in 20th century. The urban culture in the 19th century provided enough space for popular culture to express emotion, views, ideas and perspectives of lower class people. Still, popular culture deeply influences urban culture in America. Summing, the unique characteristics of urban culture in late nineteenth-century America added a lot to its development in following centuries. The racial, lingual and cultural diversity in the urban culture was helpful to inculcate innovation to the core of American society. Besides, ward politics in local

Negative Impact of Facebook on the Young People in Vietnam

Negative Impact of Facebook on the Young People in Vietnam Tran Tri Duc Introduction: Definition and related concept: What is social network? A social structure made of nodes that are generally individuals or organizations. A social network represents relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, animals, computers or other information/knowledge processing entities (J. A. Barnes, 1954) What is Facebook? Facebook is a social network where you can show information about yourself, and communicate with groups of friends (dictionary.cambridge.org). So with Facebook, everyone can communicate more easily. Facebook like the second friend of each other. There is one fun fact about Facebook. According to TechAddiction, if Facebook is a country, it would have been the third country that have the most population in the world (http://www.techaddiction.ca/facebook-addiction-statistics.html). Introduction: In Vietnam nowadays, social network is very popular for everyone, especially for young people. One of the most popular social network is Facebook. It had come to Vietnam for a long time. Because of the appearance of Facebook, there are a lot of benefit come from Facebook such as finding friend, communicate more easily, etc. But beside these advandtages, Facebook also occurs some disadvandtages for young people in Vietnam today. The research will look into the negative impact of Facebook on young people in Vietnam, and then give some solution to reduce the harm of Facebook in Vietnam. Situation: Situation around Facebook: Facebook become the largest social network in Vietnam right now, ranked 45 out of 213 countries in socialbakers’s statistics in 2012 . According to the web site name wearesocial.net about the Facebook users in 2012, the users was 8,5 million people in Vietnam, 3 times as many as it was in 2009, surpass Zing Me about the users (8,2 million users). The speed of Facebook registration in Vietnam is very fast, about one person every 3 second. Geographical scopes: International: Facebook occurs almost in all countries in the world. According to giaiphapsem.net, Facebook have an enormous users in the world. In August 2013, there are 1,15 million people use Facebook, approximately 699 million people out of 1,15 million use Facebook everyday in all over the world. The avarage duration of a Facebook user in one day is 20 minutes. (http://giaiphapsem.net/thong-ke-khung-ve-so-nguoi-su-dung-facebook/). All of these data have demonstreated that Facebook is becoming the largest and the most popular social network in the world. National: In 2013, Vietnam ranked 16th in the world in the rate of growth of the Facebook users (according to the results of Socialbakers SocialTimes.Me’s reasearch 2013) The information have shown that Facebook is very popular in Vietnam nowadays. In the future, the people use Facebook will increase rapidly. Statistics about the Facebook users: According to socialbakers, the Facebook users in Vietnam is between 18 to 24 years old, the ages of colledge students, about 56%, take up more than half of all ages. The chart below show the percentage of the social network use in Vietnam in January 2014: The chart had shown that Facebook had the most users in Vietnan (95%) in January 2014. That mean Facebook is now very popular in Vetnam, a lot of people is using it today and it will increase the users in the future. Also by SocialBakers’s statistics, similar to other countries, the imbalance of gender on facebook also occurred in Vietnam. They had shown that the gender which use Facebook most in Vietnam is male (54%), more than a half. Problem The circumstances that lead to Facebook: Beacause of the popularity of Facebook, everyone in Vietnam use Facebook a lot, and that causes some negative issues for anyone who use Facebook too much. The other reasons why Vietnamese people use Facebook a a lot is that they want to communicate to each other easier. Facebook is more convinient then the mobile phone because Facebook doesn’t cost any money to communicate, which mean people is now keep in touch with each other very easy. The problem of Facebook in Vietnam: Facebook addiction: The first problem everyone will think is the Facebook addiction. Many people in Vietnam have the Facebook addiction. Vietnamese people use Facebook very much, in accordance with the statistics, Vietnamese young people use Facebook approximately 60 minutes per day. Some people use it every minute. However, the most people in Vietnam can’t take their eyes out of the computer screen when they use Facebook. Infer from GlobalWebIndex, the ratings of Vietnam is 10, out of 32countries have a Facebook addiction. The picture below show the coutries that have the most Facebook users. There are many reasons to explain the Facebook addiction, in that case, Dr. Brent Conrad, Clinical Psycologist for TechAddiction, have provided some reason for this problem. There are 21 reasons for that situation but here are 3 most popular reason why people in Vietnam like to use Facebook and use Facebook very much: -The first reason he gave is that Facebook allow people to catch-up very easy. Everyone can easily create an account and add some friend, they just the instucture, which doesn’t cost to much time to do, and then they will have an account. Moreover, the users don’t need to activate Facebook account so that they can easily have an acount. -Related to the first point, the secon reason he pointed out is the easily information sharing. According to that reason, Facebook allows people to share their information, include their personal information. Because of that, people can get the information of the others very fast. -The last reason is they want to tell the world that they are not alone. Today, many people in Vietnam have a lot of work to do, so that they don’t have time to have the social communicate, they can easily feel alone. With that situation, they go to Facebook to have more communication with other people to feel better and to say that they are not alone. (http://www.techaddiction.ca/why-is-facebook-addictive.html.) Virtual life: The another problem is the virtual life of many people in Vietnam today. They spend a lot of time to log in to Facebook sometimes for no reason. They use it at school, at home, even when they hang out with their friend. Facebook users who have a virtual life usually don’t want to go out and play with their friends. Even when they hang out with their friend, they also log on Facebook and don’t listen to the conversation. The people who have the virtual life on Facebook have a lot of expression. -The first thing they have is that they can’t get rid of Facebook. For more detail, they always say the word â€Å"Facebook† eveytime, everywhere, and they always think to Facebook whatever they do, even when they go out and play with their friends. For example, when they go out and eat something with their friends, or go to the movie theatre, they always take some pictures about the meals or the movie tickets to post on Facebook, they think that when they take these pictures, the meals or the movie could be more interesting. -The another expression is that they really proud of themselves when they have a lot of friends or followers on Facebook, they think that when someone have a lot of friends or followers on Facebook that mean that one can be very popular, even when they don’t have any reputation. -The last thing is that they very admire the â€Å"like† or â€Å"comment† on their Facebook. They love them too much that they don’t want to eat or do something good for their health. They say that they do not have to eat because when the â€Å"like† or â€Å"comment† increase, they feel vey full and healthy. Wasting too much time: The next problem usually happen to students. Facebook take too much of their time. They spend to much time on Facebook and then they lose their time for studying or playing with their family. The sequel is the decline in studying, or working. Therefore, some students have a bad results in study, and more terrible is that they can be repetition. Information leaked: The last problem is the most common problem on Facebook right now. It is the leak of information, especially personal information. The users can easily be stolen their information, the stealers can get the users information by a lot of way. However, the two most popular way is hacking or using viruses. -The first way is hacking. Sometimes, Facebook users are hacked by the hackers to get their information, and then the hackers can use the account they just hacked to trick the hacked users’s friends. The second purpose is that, the hackers can take the users’s information to extort the account owners. -The other way is using viruses, they use viruses and attack their target. With the viruses, the theft can easily get the information and then do the same way with the hackers. The picture below show the virus is being used nowaday http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/cong-nghe-thong-tin/xuat-hien-virus-lua-dao-tren-facebook-messenger-447076.html. To conclusion, hacking or using viruses can get the Facebook users’s information for many reason, for fun or for some bad aim. The users have to be careful with the weird link that appear in their Facebook. Solution: In Vietnam, the government had promulgated a lot of solution to reduce the use of Facebook, or to protect the Facebook users out of the problem that had been mentioned in previous part (especially information leaked) Reduce the use of Facebook: A lot of solutions had been propounded to reduce the use of Facebook. Here are some solutions that help to reduce it. -Vietnam used to forbade Facebook to prevent the increase the users and prevent the information leaked. Now, although the government allowed to use Facebook, however, they still raise the awareness to reduce the number of Facebook users. -Some family in Vietnam allow their children to access Facebook in a certain time, also call it the curfew time. By this way, the children can control their time on Facebook wisely. -Many schools or organisations in Vietnam open the communication classes or soft skill classes, like in OISP or the University of Natural Science. With these classes, people can get more confident and communication skill and prepare for a good real life communication. Protect the users from information leaked: Vietnam had enacted some solutions to protect, included some court of law to prevent users from being hacked or stolen information. Such as: -The government have some instruction about setting privacy on Facebook to prevent the hackers (http://vietlq.com/chong-hack-tai-khoan-facebook-nhung-cai-dat-bao-mat-ban-can-biet/.) -To help the users prevent the viruses, Vietnam government have some program to find and destroy the viruses, such as the BKAV (Bach Khoa Anti Virus) or the Avast. -Another way is that, the government also have a policy and law to ban the thefts and also raise the awareness to their people. Evaluation: Although these solutions seem very good, but teaching communication skills is the most effective solution of them all. However, that solution still have some advantages and disadvantages effect to Vietnamese people: Advantages: The previous part had mentioned some good effect of having communication class, it will help the users have more confident and communication skill to have a good conversation in the real life. The second benefit of communication is that the users will have a true feelings about everything. For example, a man always uses Facebook will never have a real emotions, because Facebook can’t transmit the true feelings of human, although Facebook have the emotion icon on messenger, however, that is not enough to let people know the feelling of each other. With the true feelings, human can build up a good relationship with each other. The last benefit of the communication skills is creating a strong attraction for people. If someone have good communication skills, that one will have more attraction to the other people. Disadvantages: Although teaching communication skill is the best solution, it still have some disadvantages. Because the communication class is very new with Vietnamese people, some people don’t want to learn it. To have good communication skills, the learner have to spend a lot of time learning it, so it cost to much time to learn. Conclusion: To sum up, although Facebook have a lot of benefits, it also cause some bad effect to Vietnamese people. In that case, the government should have some good policy to reduce the use of Facebook, and protect the Facebook users from the problem of Facebook (especially the information leaked). Furthermore, Vietnamese people should learn to communicate with other people to reduce the bad effect of Facebook. References: â€Å"Company Info | Facebook Newsroom†. Facebook. September 30, 2014. â€Å"Facebook Reports First Quarter 2013 Results†.FB. March 12, 2013. Ben Stocking (November 17, 2009).â€Å"Vietnam Internet users fear Facebook blackout† Red lines that cannot be crossed, The Economist, July 24, 2008 Cluley, Graham (February 1, 2010).â€Å"Revealed: Which social networks pose the biggest risk?†.Sophos Gabbatt, Adam; Arthur, Charles (November 15, 2010).â€Å"Facebook mail: it might kill Gmail, but its not email†.The Guardian(London). Facebook Becomes Third Biggest US Web Company http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/technology/facebook-becomes-third-biggest-us-web-company/406751. â€Å"Choose Your Privacy Settings†. Facebook. September 10, 2009. â€Å"Search Privacy†. Facebook. June 13, 2009. â€Å"Facebook Current Report, Form 8-K, Filing Date July 26, 2012†.SEC. July 26, 2012. Page 1